Legacy
Modern architecture, many of the founders and significant players in
expressionist architecture were also important in modern architecture. Examples
are Bruno Taut, Hans Scharoun, Walter Gropius, and Mies Van der Rohe. By 1927
Gropius, Taut, Scharoun and Mies were all building in the international style
and participated in the Weissenhof Estate. Gropius and Mies are better known for
their modernist work, but Gropius' Monument to the March Dead, and Mies'
Friedrichstrasse office building projects are basic works of expresssionist
architecture. Le Corbusier started his career in modern architecture but took a
turn for a more expressionist manner later in life.
Art Deco, first identified at the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs
et Industriels Modernes in 1925 shares some characteristics of expressionism and
is likely to have been influenced directly by the Expressionist movement -
particularly the activities of the Weimar Bauhaus - and more generally with the
factors and politics that influenced both movements at the time, such as
socialism and mechanisation. In common with Art Nouveau and expressionism they
are interested in decorative effects that break with the past and reflect a new
modernity. The bold use of zigzag and stepped forms, and sweeping curves and
chevron patterns. New materials are employed in new ways such as glass, aluminum
and stainless steel. Later examples of Art Deco, particularly in New York can be
seen as a Transatlantic equivalent of European expressionism.
Rebuilding of the Berlin Philharmonic in 1963 by Hans Scharoun.
Visionary architecture is the name given to architecture which exists only on
paper or which has visionary qualities. Étienne-Louis Boullée, Claude Nicolas
Ledoux and Jean-Jacques Lequeu are one of the earliest examples of the
discipline. But the work of Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Antonio Sant'Elia and
Buckminster Fuller is also included. In the latter half of the 20th century,
there were architectural design movements such as Archigram, Archizoom and
Superstudio.
The architectural paintings of Giorgio de Chirico also are sometimes included in
this category.
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